Wednesday, September 10, 2014

Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking

Conflict is defined as “a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals” (Myers, 2010 p. 484).  Social conflicts occur when a struggle develops between two or more people whose needs, desires or wishes clash with one another.   When social conflict occurs it can almost always be resolved or managed through conflict resolution and peacemaking.   Conflict resolution is a method that is used to end a dispute between individuals and restore peace in a situation.  Conflict resolution “enlist a variety of problem-solving methods to resolve incompatibilities in needs, interests, and goals” (Cook-Huffman, 2008).  Peacemaking can be a part of conflict resolution that works to reach full understanding among individuals that are having conflict in a situation. 
I believe that conflict resolution is best handled in the early stages of development because it teaches children at an early age how to handle difference that they may have with others and that is why I chose an article on peacemaking among preschool children to analyze.  The study conducted in this article was among groups of European American preschoolers to determine how the context in which conflict happened whether it was inside the classroom or outside in the playground affected peacemaking and the relationship between the individuals having conflict.
Peacemaking among preschool children examined the relationship amongst preschool children and how caregivers sought to handle situations when conflict would arise.  Through observation of preschool children it was determined that the result of conflict was different than with older children and adults because most “children were cheerful rather than resentful following the conclusion of their usually brief conflicts” (Verbeek & Frans, de Waal, 2001).  Another observational study was conducted that showed the results of conflict intensely connected with periods of continued playful interactions generally produced positive interaction among the preschoolers.
Conflict resolution is a very important topic in child development because researchers are determined to develop a variety of ways to show caregivers how to deal with young children when conflict develops in a situation, however many of the studies have been obtained from white, middle class individuals so it has been unclear if the same methods determined in these studies will apply to other individuals with different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.  Peacemaking is the conclusion of conflict but researchers very rarely incorporate it in their developments of conflict resolution methods; however this study was able to identify peacemaking among preschoolers once the conflict was resolved because the preschoolers continued to play together.
Conflict occurs naturally because of personality differences and can sometimes be beneficial in teaching children how to handle situations when someone does not agree with them. There is also a downside to conflict that normally occurs with adults because it can cause “emotional upset and challenge their communication capacity” (Vestal & Jones, 2004).That is why it is imperative that young children are taught how to handle conflict at an early age because it will give them problem solving skills that can carry on into their adult life that will help them manage social situations where differences may occur.
The data conducted in the study used for this article was from a private preschool where the children ages ranged from two years to five years and were from middle and upper income homes.  The focus of this study was to determine how preschoolers make peace with one another after a conflict has occurred.  The study also focused on the dynamics of the conflict and how the children participated in what was going on, which ultimately showed how once the conflict was resolved how peacemaking occurred amongst the toddlers who were close friends.
The study conducted allowed research developers to understand how conflict occurs with preschoolers and to establish further research to help provide methods of conflict resolution amongst them.  During the early stages of development young children need to be taught social skills that can help them develop emotionally and socially.  “The American Psychological Association has issued several reports that outline remedies to the dilemma that educators and caregivers face in regards to helping young children develop emotionally and socially” (Vestal & Jones, 2004).
In conclusion, conflict is something that can happen at any time in an individual’s life because it is a natural for disagreements to occur when personalities clash.  Teaching conflict resolution in the early stages of development will help children learn how to resolve issues with peers early on in life that can carry into adulthood.  Research on conflict resolution with preschoolers is ongoing because of the different ethnic and cultural backgrounds as well the types of conflicts that occur. 





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